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Despite landmark legal protections, transgender sex workers continue to face violence, stigma and systemic exclusion. As recent legal changes raise fresh concerns over gender recognition, activists warn that rights mean little without dignity, access and real inclusion.
In India, transgender sex workers comprise 15% of the sex workers’ populace, yet they remain an understudied and underserved group in the commercial sex sector.  This group is most exploited and harassed in the sex trade. Transgender sex workers face violence, sexual assault Sex workers in India face inhumane treatment
Several studies, Indian and global, point to sex workers, especially in low and middle-income nations, experiencing disproportionately high levels of psychological distress and psychiatric vulnerability, including depression, anxiety disorders, trauma-related symptoms, substance dependence, and suicidal ideation. In a populous nation like India the scale of the problem is
As India’s sex industry moves online, workers and clients alike are becoming targets of harassment, data leaks, cybercrime, and sextortion. Lawyers explain what the law protects, where it falls short, and how people can better safeguard themselves.
That sex work is work seems to have been established through the Supreme Court ruling in the Budhadev Karmaskar v. State of West Bengal case. On the basis of the judgment in the case, it can now safely be argued that adult consensual sex workers are entitled to dignity and
Economic pressures, structural inequality, family circumstances, coercion, social exclusion, and personal agency are some of the factors cited as reasons globally for women entering into sex work. The Indian context The same holds true in India, as articulated in a study titled “Circumstances, experiences and processes surrounding women's
Sadly, human trafficking continues to be a pervasive form of exploitation in India and across the world. It feeds off social issues such as poverty, urban-rural divide, gender inequality and disproportionately impacts women, children, and migrant workers. While thousands of cases of trafficking are recorded annually by the National
Companionship services in India often fill a void, addressing the growing need for emotional connection in modern society In contemporary India, there seems to be a lot of loneliness, especially in the urban landscape. This is perhaps the result of migration, urban loneliness, changing familial structures, and also the pressures
The recognition of sex work as a 'profession' entitled to the right to dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution Through a decision in 2022 that has come to be regarded as a landmark, the Supreme Court significantly advanced the case for the constitutional recognition of sex workers
Escort services in India are restricted to the major metropolitan areas and larger towns. They usually operate in a grey area, describing the services as companionship to escape the laws against brothel running and pimping. The ITPA or Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956, forbids brothel culture and solicitation, but sex
Sex work and prostitution are not included as industries in the Indian National Industrial Classification (NIC) which is used for gathering statistical and economic data. Hence, surrogate measures must perforce be used in estimating the size and scale of the ‘industry.’ Sex Work Turnover Supply-side model This model attempts
Sex worker associations in India are basically collectives put together by concerned sex workers. These associations are generally community-based, usually assisted by Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) and in some instances by rights groups as well. Their work falls in the domains of public health, labour rights, gender justice, and
